{"id":2962,"date":"2002-05-29T12:54:00","date_gmt":"2002-05-29T09:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/?p=2962"},"modified":"2023-04-20T21:40:41","modified_gmt":"2023-04-20T18:40:41","slug":"maliye-okulunun-ekonomik-ve-toplumsal-yasantimizda-hissedilen-yoklugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/?p=2962","title":{"rendered":"Maliye Okulunun Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131zda Hissedilen Yoklu\u011fu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2962\" class=\"elementor elementor-2962\" 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data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-618ff1dd animated-slow e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"618ff1dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;opacity-fan&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 283.5 19.6\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" style=\"opacity:0.33\" d=\"M0 0L0 18.8 141.8 4.1 283.5 18.8 283.5 0z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" style=\"opacity:0.33\" d=\"M0 0L0 12.6 141.8 4 283.5 12.6 283.5 0z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" style=\"opacity:0.33\" d=\"M0 0L0 6.4 141.8 4 283.5 6.4 283.5 0z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M0 0L0 1.2 141.8 4 283.5 1.2 283.5 0z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35188e7 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"35188e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:500}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44820781 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"44820781\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maliye Okulunun Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131zda Hissedilen Yoklu\u011fu<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-614cb4cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"614cb4cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yazan: Dr. Yusuf \u0130LER\u0130<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-515e1c0c e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"515e1c0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:1000}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aca35e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8aca35e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Image-Testemonials.jpeg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9acc418 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9acc418\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e87e48b elementor-author-box--layout-image-above elementor-author-box--align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"e87e48b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/images\/stories\/fotos\/yileri.jpeg\" alt=\"Picture of Dr. Yusuf \u0130LER\u0130\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDr. Yusuf \u0130LER\u0130\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hali\u00e7 \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bfd2d1b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bfd2d1b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-635a0402\" data-id=\"635a0402\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40dd6c49 elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40dd6c49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maliye Okulu, ulusal ekonomiyi yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve kurumla\u015ft\u0131rma projesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve sonucudur. Osmanl\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n yar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015fmi\u015f ekonomisinin ac\u0131 deneyimi; Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n darl\u0131klar\u0131-k\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131 ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131; Sevr s\u00fcreci ve b\u00fct\u00fcn u\u011fra\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ekonomi alan\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu olanaklar\u0131 gelip devletler aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik olmas\u0131; Lozan&#8217;da en \u015fiddetli \u00e7eki\u015fmelerin yine T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti&#8217;nin ekonomik egemenli\u011fini ele almak istemesiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 konular\u0131n olu\u015fturmas\u0131; Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131kan kadroya, ba\u015fta Mustafa Kemal, ulusal ekonominin ne denli \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:separator --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Maliye Okulu&#8217;nun kurulu\u015fu b\u00f6yle bir \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 bir ortamda Atat\u00fcrk&#8217;\u00fcn, &#8216;&#8230; <i>Yeni T\u00fcrkiye devleti bir ekonomi devleti olacakt\u0131r<\/i>&#8216; s\u00f6zlerinin hemen sonras\u0131ndaki; eskiyi tasfiye ve yeni ekonominin temellerini atma s\u00fcrecinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Ulusal ekonominin in\u015fa edildi\u011fi bu d\u00f6nemdeki ba\u015fl\u0131ca geli\u015fmeleri ve yenile\u015fen kurumlar\u0131 s\u0131ralarsak, okulun ulusal ekonomi i\u00e7indeki yeri ve \u00f6nemi daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131&#8217;nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadeleler sonucunda kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, 1924&#8217;te \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir yasayla demiryolu \u015firketlerinin kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Frans\u0131z k\u00f6kenli Reji \u0130daresi&#8217;nin (t\u00fct\u00fcn) kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n izlenmesi, D\u00fcyunu Umumiye \u0130daresi&#8217;nin ve Osmanl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tasfiyesi, bir \u0130ngiliz-Frans\u0131z ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan ve merkezi Londra&#8217;da bulunan Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Merkez Bankas\u0131 olma imtiyaz\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7-d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ve finans kapitalin simgesi oldu\u011fu kadar k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlar \u00fczerinde oynanan spek\u00fclatif oyunlarla saf halk\u0131n kand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na da sahne olan \u0130stanbul (Galata) Borsas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n son bulmas\u0131, \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi ve ulusal-yerli burjuva yeti\u015ftirilmesi, ulusal bankac\u0131l\u0131k ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in 1924&#8217;te \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, Te\u015fviki Sanayi Kanunu, Merkez Bankas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, toplumda ikili zihniyeti yaratan e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n tasfiyesi ve e\u011fitimin \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tevhidi Tedrisat Kanunu, yani yeni bir insan tipi yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak ulusal ekonomiye hizmet i\u00e7in 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara Saman Pazar\u0131&#8217;nda Maliye Okulu. Daha sonra Etibank, S\u00fcmerbank, Maden Teknik Arama&#8230; Ve sonu\u00e7 geli\u015fme, sanayile\u015fme, b\u00fcy\u00fcme&#8230; Bu \u00f6rnekleri \u00e7o\u011faltmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Maliye Okulu, d\u0131\u015f sermayeye a\u00e7\u0131lma ve serbest piyasa ekonomisine ge\u00e7i\u015f denemelerinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131ndaki konjonkt\u00fcrde kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemin ilk eylemleri aras\u0131nda devlet eliyle a\u011f\u0131r sanayi kurma giri\u015fimlerini i\u00e7eren 1946 tarihli Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Kalk\u0131nma Plan\u0131&#8217;n\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131p, tar\u0131m\u0131 ve altyap\u0131y\u0131 (karayollar\u0131 ve elektrik enerjisi) serbest piyasa d\u00fczeninde geli\u015ftirme \u00f6nlemlerini i\u00e7eren bir programa ge\u00e7mek oldu. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u0130thalatta kota sistemi kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Demiryollar\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Devlet Denizyollar\u0131 ve Devlet Havayollar\u0131 anonim \u015firkete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve yabanc\u0131 sermaye ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Bu arada kibrit-\u00e7akmak tekeli ve yerli mallar pazarlar\u0131 da la\u011fvedildi. Petrol Kanunu&#8217;yla daha \u00f6nce devlet elinde bulunan petrol arama tekeli kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u00f6rnekleri de \u00e7o\u011faltmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Sonu\u00e7 ise: D\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, sanayile\u015fmenin geri plana itilmesi&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Program, &#8216;serbest piyasa ekonomisi i\u00e7inde d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lmay\u0131&#8217; getiren 24 Ocak 1980 \u0130stikrar Program\u0131&#8217;n\u0131 ve onu izleyen uygulamalar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok bak\u0131mdan an\u0131msat\u0131r nitelikteydi. Ancak programa ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, ekonominin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan olgular nedeniyle uygulanamad\u0131; hedeflerin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine dahi olanak bulunamad\u0131. Ve bu arada Maliye Okulu da a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Maliye Okulu&#8217;nun kesintisiz olarak e\u011fitimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1960&#8217;l\u0131 ve 1970&#8217;li y\u0131llar planl\u0131-denetimli ekonomi, hesapl\u0131 sermaye giri\u015fi ve istikrarl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6nemleridir. 1960&#8217;l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n planl\u0131 ekonomi d\u00f6nemi sadece ekonomi d\u00fczleminde ba\u015far\u0131lara imza atmakla kalmad\u0131; 1961 Anayasas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi geni\u015f fikir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye tarihinde ender rastlanan bir d\u00fczeyde s\u00fcrd\u00fc. 56 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihi boyunca tek olan ve ku\u015fkusuz \u00f6nemli gere\u011fi Ankara&#8217;da eski Meclis&#8217;in hemen yan\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fretimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Maliye Okulu, bu d\u00f6nemin sonunda, s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u0130zmir ve \u0130stanbul&#8217;da a\u00e7\u0131lanlarla say\u0131s\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7e \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Mal hareketlerinin serbestle\u015ftirildi\u011fi 1980&#8217;li y\u0131llar\u0131, 1990&#8217;l\u0131 y\u0131llarda sermaye ve mal hareketlerinde tam serbestle\u015fme ve uluslararas\u0131 ekonomiye tam eklemlenme izledi. Ekonomik ve mali alanda koordinasyonsuzluk ve karga\u015fa olu\u015ftu. B\u00fct\u00e7enin birli\u011fi bozuldu. Hazine, Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;ndan kopar\u0131ld\u0131. Ve serbestle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6zard\u0131 edilen politikalar, devlet gelirlerini art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 nitelikteki vergi politikalar\u0131 oldu. Bor\u00e7lanma, vergiye tercih edildi. Ve do\u011fal olarak Maliye Okullar\u0131 kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu s\u00fcrecin sonunda T\u00fcrkiye iki y\u00fcz milyar dolar\u0131 a\u015fan bor\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131na girdi.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ulusal ekonomiyi kurmak ve \u00fclke kaynaklar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f, bu konuda r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn\u00fc ispatlayan ilk ve temel m\u00fcesseselerimizden biri olan Maliye Okulu, ayn\u0131 zamanda her t\u00fcr farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmeye ve e\u015fitlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplumsal m\u00fchendislik projedir. Maliye Okulu mezunlar\u0131 ba\u015fta Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n merkez ve ta\u015fra \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinde olmak \u00fczere, \u00fcniversitelerde, ekonomik ve mali alan\u0131n neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn birimlerinde; kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde teorisyen, akademisyen ve uygulamac\u0131 olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli meslek ve pozisyonlarda ulusal ekonomiye hizmet etmi\u015fler ve etmektedirler. Bu \u00fclkenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f mevzuatlar\u0131n\u0131 bilen deneyimli kadrolard\u0131r. K\u00fcreselle\u015fme ad\u0131na hukuksall\u0131ktan ve b\u00fct\u00fcnsellikten uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f mali mevzuat\u0131n kavranmas\u0131 ve yap\u0131s\u0131 bozulmu\u015f kurumlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bu okullara ve kadrolara bug\u00fcn her zamankinden daha fazla ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kadrolar, eski ve yeni aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc i\u015flevi g\u00f6rmektedirler.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Maliye Okulu gibi yararl\u0131 e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde Y\u00d6K, Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlar ve \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya g\u00f6nderilen ki\u015fi ve giden dolarlar\u0131n hesab\u0131 daha yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcstelik bu gidenler temel bir politikan\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak belirli ama\u00e7lar ve g\u00f6revler i\u00e7in de\u011fil, rastgele g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fler veya gitmi\u015flerdir. Ancak, milyar dolarlarla ifade edilen bu rakamlar\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;deki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcniversitelerin t\u00fcm b\u00fct\u00e7esinden fazla oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmakta ve inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin kendi problemlerinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131, yine T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin kendi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda Maliye Okulu uygulamas\u0131, sosyal dokumuza ve ekonomik yap\u0131m\u0131za uygun; ulusal, yerel ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir uygulamad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Maliye Okulu&#8217;nu yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lma s\u00fcreci ulusal ve toplumsal inisiyatifimizi olu\u015fturma, ele ve ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irme ve ya\u015fatma s\u00fcreci olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Bir de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkenin Maliye Okulu ve benzeri kurumlarla donat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Maliye Okulu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal anlay\u0131\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bu ger\u00e7e\u011fin b\u00fct\u00fcn ulus\u00e7a kavran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bir daha asla terk edilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7, sosyal, siyasi, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sorunlar\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm arad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve kendi irademizle \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir s\u00fcrecin yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ifadesi ve kabul\u00fc olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>D\u00fcnya Gazetesi&#8217;nin 29.05.2002 g\u00fcnl\u00fc n\u00fcshas\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80cfe69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"80cfe69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-3fba5a4 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/?m=20020529\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-calendar\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M12 192h424c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v260c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V204c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12zm436-44v-36c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48h-48V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H160V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v36c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h424c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__item-prefix\">Yay\u0131n tarihi: <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>May 29, 2002<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-26e38d0 elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-clock\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm0 448c-110.5 0-200-89.5-200-200S145.5 56 256 56s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200zm61.8-104.4l-84.9-61.7c-3.1-2.3-4.9-5.9-4.9-9.7V116c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h32c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v141.7l66.8 48.6c5.4 3.9 6.5 11.4 2.6 16.8L334.6 349c-3.9 5.3-11.4 6.5-16.8 2.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>12:54 pm<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\n\t\t\t\t(function($) {\n                    \"use strict\";\n\n                    var target = $('.elementor-element-1bfd2d1b');\n                    target.addClass('e-lazyloaded');\n\n                    \n                    var EaelParallaxElement = {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tinit: function() {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\telementorFrontend.hooks.addAction('frontend\/element_ready\/global', EaelParallaxElement.initWidget);\n\t\t\t\t\t\t},\n                        responsiveParallax: function(){\n                            var android = 1,\n                                ios = 1;\n                            switch( true || 1 ){\n                                case android && ios:\n                                    return \/iPad|iPhone|iPod|Android\/;\n                                    break;\n                                case android && ! ios:\n                                    return \/Android\/;\n                                    break;\n                                case ! android && ios:\n                                    return \/iPad|iPhone|iPod\/;\n                                    break;\n                                case ( ! android && ! ios ):\n                                    return null;\n                            }\n                        },\n\t\t\t\t\t\tinitWidget: function( $scope ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget.jarallax({\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'scroll-opacity',\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tspeed: 1.3,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tkeepImg: true,\n                                disableParallax: EaelParallaxElement.responsiveParallax(),\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t};\n\n\t\t\t\t\t$( window ).on('elementor\/frontend\/init', EaelParallaxElement.init);\n\n                    \t\t\t\t}( jQuery ) );\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maliye Okulunun Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131zda Hissedilen Yoklu\u011fu Yazan: Dr. Yusuf \u0130LER\u0130 Maliye Okulu, ulusal ekonomiyi yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve kurumla\u015ft\u0131rma projesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve sonucudur. Osmanl\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n yar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015fmi\u015f ekonomisinin ac\u0131 deneyimi; Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n darl\u0131klar\u0131-k\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131 ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131; Sevr s\u00fcreci ve b\u00fct\u00fcn u\u011fra\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ekonomi alan\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu olanaklar\u0131 gelip devletler aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik olmas\u0131; Lozan&#8217;da en [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1286,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_gspb_post_css":"","_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makale"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2962","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2962"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2962\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3042,"href":"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2962\/revisions\/3042"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yeni.maliyeokulu.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}